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Green Building Bible, Fourth Edition
Green Building Bible, fourth edition (both books)
These two books are the perfect starting place to help you get to grips with one of the most vitally important aspects of our society - our homes and living environment.

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    • CommentAuthormike7
    • CommentTimeNov 17th 2014
     
    Fostertom was asking how I would simulate heat flow from Woo's floor into the ground.

    As the house is long and narrow (about 4m wide), I'd simulate it first in 2D ie. as if infinitely long. The result would show if it might be worth doing in 3D , which with end effects is bound to be worse.
    I'd use a spreadsheet - XL in my case - and create a grid of 0.1m squares on which to set out a cross section one wall up to maybe 1m high, the floor slab across to the centre of the floor and the ground below and around for perhaps 10m. (As it will be symmetrical about the centreline, the grid need only be for half the building).
    The thermal properties of each square are allocated, and the start temperatures defined. Also the formulas or tables for the driving temperatures over time - ambient air, heating , ground boundaries etc. A formula is applied to each square to calculate its temperature change after a time interval, given the temperatures and properties of the surrounding squares.

    Press 'Calculate' and watch the whole grid fill with error messages indicating a mistake somewhere.

    Correct mistake, and repeat calculation for a series of time intervals until a week or a month or a year has accumulated. I've found a time interval in the region of 1200 sec often works. Too large and the calculation can be unstable and head off toward infinity.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeNov 17th 2014 edited
     
    I would just use the free version of LISA, it does 3D thermal transient modelling, can even do radiative losses (and I assume gains).

    As to Tom wondering about how the thermal inertia equation can help.

    If you expand the formula I = (kpc)^0.5
    where
    k = thermal conductivity
    p = density
    c = specific heat capacity

    Then all the units you need are there.
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeNov 17th 2014 edited
     
    Yeah I see, both the above - ST's formula being the basics of what Mike's cells contain.

    Posted By: mike7on a building this narrow there is no possibility of interseasonal storage/year on year build up of temperature
    In fact not necessary, for the wind/underfloor scheme, however fascinating the speculation!
    Posted By: mike7Might be interesting nevertheless to see what could be achieved over much shorter time periods - I guess even in Orkney the wind drops sometimes
    Just what's needed here.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeNov 17th 2014
     
    I knocked up a simple block in LISA and gave it some thermal properties and a table of temperatures to run though.
    I wish it was a bit easier to do the drawings in, seems I can easily import a step file from my CAD program (or maybe I should RTFM).
    But you can specify the start conditions and the dynamic ones, and feed back solutions (this is what solvers are for after all).
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeNov 17th 2014 edited
     
    Right played with LISA a bit and this is what she produced.
    http://youtu.be/_Rk29Lw7sZw
    The top quarter is air that varies in temperature by 5° over a time period of 12 (can be minutes, hours, weeks, months, don't matter).
    The bottom 750 mm starts off at 8°.
    So this would simulate a very nice spring day down here, probably a rare event in Orkney.
    You will notice that there is virtually no thermal penetration in the bottom 500 mm.
    The soil type is dry clay.
    • CommentAuthormike7
    • CommentTimeNov 18th 2014 edited
     
    Posted By: SteamyTeaI would just use the free version of LISA


    Pah! - no fun at all! At least not for me. Whenever I try to use such tools I invariably get stuck somewhere or it won't quite do what I want. My method is admittedly laborious but I like that I can see what is going on, back to first principles.
    The formula for the calculation of each step is based on "the Patankar-Spalding approach" and is described in a US Army paper which Bella posted a link to a while back. Sounds impressive, but is very simple.

    Google AD-A210826 to find it. See pages 36 - 41.
    Looking forward to my GBF nerd of the week propelling pencil and hat badge for this.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeNov 19th 2014
     
    I like the 1st principles approach, but not wasting too much time on it as I know the answer intuitively.

    I usually get stuck on something, hence the RTFM quip :bigsmile:
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeNov 19th 2014
     
    Posted By: SteamyTeabut not wasting too much time on it as I know the answer intuitively.
    Yeah, but doing the calculations to “prove” your intuitive knowledge is a great [¹] way to find when it's wrong.

    [¹] Better than building whatever then finding it's wrong.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeNov 19th 2014
     
    Yes I agree, but having done this several times, and always got the same answers, I am quite happy to let 3rd party software do the work for me.
    Now if someone wants to pay me, that is a different matter.:wink:
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeNov 19th 2014
     
    Back in the days when I was still interested in Earthship style houses [¹] I wrote a 3D simulator in Java for heat flows. It was slow. IIRC the actual simulation wasn't too bad but it generated SVG drawings with colour shaded cross sections which worked OK but were very slow to generate and load. Still, that was nearly a decade ago [²] and probably running on an 800 MHz Pentium with 512 MB of RAM or whatever.

    Approaching the same problem now I'd probably take it as an excuse/motivation to learn something about the SciPy (scientific Python) packages. For a simple 2D model I think I'd just do some straightforward Python code - much like Mike7's approach but with my normal tool for this sort of thing. Hmm…

    [¹] Still am, really; just not for me with lots of tyres in the UK climate.

    [²] Files all have the exact same date./time stamp in August 2007 but that's probably when I last copied them around in a way that updated the time stamp.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeNov 19th 2014
     
    Posted By: Ed DaviesApproaching the same problem now I'd probably take it as an excuse/motivation to learn something about the SciPy
    I have looked at that but really not confident enough with 'ordinary' Python to take it further.
    There is always the Fourier approach, just depends on how much you like geometry, I hate it, but it does give some simple solutions to complex problems.
    • CommentAuthorEd Davies
    • CommentTimeNov 19th 2014
     
    Posted By: SteamyTea: “There is always the Fourier approach…”

    Related to this, I assume: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_number

    Not sure how that really helps compared with just using the volumetric heat capacity and conductivity, etc. If you're doing a simulation with real weather and so on it'll be with known finite time and space increments so abstracting away those, which is what I think that Fourier stuff is sort of about, doesn't help that much but it might allow you to use bigger boxes trading off against computational complexity. Not sure. Got any other references?
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeNov 19th 2014
     
    More a case that heat can be treated as a wave passing though an aperture, as it spreads out the 'front' is diminishing in magnitude or amplitude. This can be transformed/translated to normal wave mechanics.
    I read a book on it when doing my Dissertation, but can't remember the title. By the second page it was into solutions to partial differential equations (I prefer partial solutions to differential equations as they are easier :bigsmile:) and where I understood the concepts, the mathematics was a bit beyond me. This is why calculating real shapes is difficult, as one thing changes, say the temperature, the surrounding temperatures also change, but in different proportions, even to each other.
    The main thing I picked up from that book was about thermal inertia. This is a simple concept, but again, hard to apply in the real world, though it is all there (apparently).
    What is wanted is a simple method that does a good approximation from known parameters i.e SHC, Conduction, x,y,z coordinates, start temperatures etc. But there does not seem to be an easy method of doing this. This could be why this topic keeps coming up as a 'solution' to lowering energy usage.

    For most people, the amount of loss though a floor, and by definition, into the ground, is something that they have to live with, as not everyone can dig down and fit massive amounts of insulation. So better off adding what insulation they can on top, or after minor excavation, and say 'that's the best I can do, suck it up Princess'.
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeNov 19th 2014 edited
     
    Posted By: SteamyTeaa case that heat can be treated as a wave passing though an aperture, as it spreads out the 'front' is diminishing in magnitude or amplitude. This can be transformed/translated to normal wave mechanics
    Does that mean that 2 intersecting waves will interfere - reinforce or annihilate? if you could harvest a reinforcing standing wave ...
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeNov 19th 2014
     
    Tom
    It would be like adding some extra wall area, at a different angle, I think. Realistically it is not practical though. You would end up sphere, or maybe a parabola or hyperbola.
    Have you got a book on thermodynamics?
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeNov 19th 2014
     
    No I just bounce ideas off certain experts I know
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