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Green Building Bible, Fourth Edition
Green Building Bible, fourth edition (both books)
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  1.  
    Hi all! We are working on retrofitting a 1960s bungalow and are hoping to install a MVHR system. We’re getting a bit lost in how best to air tight the property with minimal disruption though.
    Currently we’re looking at having a cold loft and the air-tight layer inside, the house has brick cavity walls and a substantial suspended timber floor cavity.

    The walls and ceilings are currently being reskimmed, so I believe it’s too late to do much taping? We’re stuck on the floors as we ideally would like to insulate from underneath to avoid the mess of removing the floorboards, so are considering this structure (from top to bottom)
    Engineered wood floor/carpet
    Flooring underlay (?)
    Plywood (sealed with tape)
    VCL/vapour barrier/airtight layer
    Floorboards
    Insulation
    Breathable windproof membrane

    Essentially for now we would lay down a VCL then ply board over the top and airtight tape the gaps in the boards. Then at a later date once we've moved in, we would go underneath to insulate the floors.

    We definitely aren’t aiming for 100% airtightness as I believe it’d be impossible in our circumstances, but hopefully to make enough of an improvement to improve the thermal efficiency of the house. I couldn’t find any information on the suspended timber airtightness that didn’t involve lifting the floorboards, so I was hoping to get some advice on whether our plan is doable or not (or if it’s just a recipe for trapped moisture!)

    Thank you so much!
  2.  
    Have you considered filling the underfloor void with EPS beads?
    •  
      CommentAuthordjh
    • CommentTimeApr 9th 2024
     
    Hello, and welcome to GBF :bigsmile:

    The important thing with an airtightness barrier is that it is airtight! i.e. continuous. All parts need to be joined to their adjacent parts. e.g. walls to floor. This may be as simple as taping a connection but it can also be more complicated and involve e.g. different materials behind skirting boards and suchlike.

    Plaster is a good airtightness layer as long as it isn't cracked. How it is joined to the floor and how it is joined above to the roof area needs care. Doors and windows, and any other openings, also need consideration. It's normal to use specialist tape on the wall and window that can then be plastered over to hide it. If you've already skimmed, this may be difficult.

    If you have a VCL on the floor then that should be a good air barrier as well. There's no need to tape the ply as well, especially if the sheets are glued T&G. Will the ply be floated? If not you'll need to consider how to deal with screw or nail holes.

    How big is the gap under the floors and what is at the bottom of the space? Are there sleeper walls etc?
    • CommentAuthorGreenPaddy
    • CommentTimeApr 10th 2024
     
    Hi Olivia,

    pretty much as per DJH above. I'd be less concerned about the VCL under the ply with fixings through. You'll likely be laying a 6mm or 9mm ply to make the floor surface a bit flatter for the finish layer, and so likely fixed with nails/screws every 100/150mm. It will be so well fixed that the VCL will be well held and so pretty good level of air tightness (not perfect). The real weak areas are, as DJH said, around the perimeters, at skirtings etc.

    Fitting insulation from underneath a floor is about the worst job you can have, in terms of level of discomfort. I've done this quite a few times, and it's a living hell (but I survived to tell the tale). Here's how I do it, if this is of any help...

    Paper suit, dust mask with rubber face seal and filters, rubber gloves under working gloves, goggles (I use swimming goggles). I add a piece of soft sponge material under the mask strap at the back of my head, as that part of the head will be resting on the ground a lot (or your neck will be in spasm after 10 mins). I use a manual Staple gun, but the electric ones aren't much dearer, and will save a lot of hand/arm ache. Stanley knife. Good lighting from 2 directions (stops you creating shaddows). The prep really makes the next hours and days a lot easier.

    Assuming the crawl space is quite tight, and will have to slide about on your back, clear out as much debris as possible from the solum (brush it out), spread out a tarpaulin, with another layer of polythene on top. This allows you to slide back and forth, which is much of the work, physically.

    Pre-cut the membrane, so you can fill one bay at a time (maybe 2 bays when you get the hang of it). Too much membrane and you just get in a tangle (think wrapping a christmas present, wearing a straight jacket, inside a barrel :shocked:

    The idea is to staple the membrane to the face of the first joist, and have it drooping to hold the wool, and then the membrane comes up the face of the next joist, on the uninsulated side, so you can get in with the staple gun. There will be 2 layers of insulation held up, one between the joist, and the second below the joists.

    I start by stapling the first run of membrane, leave it hanging down, fit the first layer of insulation between the joists, which shd stay in place, though sometimes the odd staple at the sides helps. Then push the second layer of insulation against the draped membrane, and tug the membrane towards the adjacent joist, thus holding the wool in place. The membrane will sort of billow, with the second layer of wool being below the joist bottom edge. Wrap the membrane up the outer face of the joist, and staple.

    There's a bit of jiggery pokery, and having arms like an octopus would be a blessing, but after a bit you get the hang of it. Repeat the above. You can split each joist bay, so you're not trying to fill the whole run in one go. Just overlap the membrane.

    Some would suggest adding clout nails for pull out strength. Good luck with that in a tight space. I usually just double over the membrane to make a hem, so two layers are stapled. You'll use 1000's of staples - don't skimp.

    Pipes can be tricky to work around, but can also help by supporting the first layer of insul. The second layer of insul underneath encloses pipes, which is good from a heatloss/frost protection point of view. The wall edges can be tricky, where the joist runs parallel to the wall, with only a small gap. Either shove wool in there, or even rigid insul board cut and foamed in. Which ever you have the patience for. That patience will wane after a day or two down in the pit.

    Two people are pretty much essential, so one can cut and pass the wool and membrane in to the other doing the install, otherwise you'll spend the whole time crawling back and forth. Wrap the precut wool in polythene, when it is being passed in, as it will then be easy to drag it through to the required position, and not catch and tear. I use the polythene wrap the wool came in.

    I've attached a sketch from a previous project, which is a section through the joists/wool/membrane, and may explain the objective a bit better. Ignore the other wall & loft details. Best of luck. It's torture, but worth the pleasure of a warm floor (and house).
  3.  
    Or you could avoid all that hassle and just fill the underfloor void with EPS beads.
    • CommentAuthortony
    • CommentTimeApr 10th 2024 edited
     
    +1
    • CommentAuthorGreenPaddy
    • CommentTimeApr 11th 2024
     
    When you put it like that....:bigsmile::bigsmile:

    Since will need to notify Building Control, (or apply for the warrant if you're in Scotland), what's the documentation being supplied to ensure that the regulations are being met, so it can be signed off with EPS bead fill.

    We may be certain in our own minds that there's no issue with EPS beads, (indeed it's probably an excellent solution), but what can be supplied to BC, that has been accepted and can be used as precedent? I ask genuinely, as I've wanted to use this EPS approach on projects for years.
  4.  
    I was assuming that nobody would involve BC unless they absolutely had to, e.g. unless they were doing work that needed planning permission (thus highlighting the project to the Council) or if they wanted some future documentation when it comes to selling the property.
    Most people (another total guess here) just want to make their house warmer as cheaply as possible.
    I didn't involve BC in my bathroom renovation, but dang we is cozy now upstairs.
    No intention of selling any time soon, and even if we did in the future, nobody would care. I guess it's a bad feature of the housing market (location above all else). When we came here, we assumed that nothing would have been done properly, BC inspections or not. Ten years later, I can say that it is a fair assumption. If we want the insulation and airtightness standards any where near that expected by the GBF members, we still have much work to do.
  5.  
    When our friend stayed with us at Easter, he told us how he had made a start insulating his suspended wooden floor, how long it had taken so far, how fiddly it was, how he had done about a quarter of the room so far, etc. etc. and how sitting at that end of the room you really noticed the difference now.
    I told him about EPS bead fill and we priced it up very quickly and roughly, guesstimating the void size.
    £600 without much online searching. It could be done and finished in a day.
    I asked if he had any cables below the room, he said there are a couple, but that he would be happy to snap over some flexi trunking first.

    He left somewhat thoughtful.
    • CommentAuthoroliviaaa99
    • CommentTimeApr 11th 2024
     
    Hi all, please bear with as I'm new and getting the hang of the reply system! :) Thank you all so so much for the in depth responses - it's incredibly helpful!

    I would love to fill it and forget about it but unfortunately as it's a bungalow a lot of the wiring and plumbing is done in the void, so we're actually planning on having access hatches to the void so it remains accessible!

    The house is on a slope, the deepest end of the void is 5 or 6 feet, the smallest is I think 3 - 4, I'd need to double check. Loads of sleeper walls that separate the void into two halves as well as underneath the house walls.

    For taping windows, we'll be replacing the windows eventually as it isn't in the budget at the moment (the glazing is failing quite badly), I'm hoping to work on their airtightness at that point.

    I'm hoping to not float the ply but instead screw (countersunk) it to avoid squeaking/any floor issues later down the line. We were hoping to screw the ply through the VCL and into the floorboards, not sure if that'd be okay? VCL would go up behind the skirting board.

    @greenpaddy thank you for the details on how to do it from underneath - it's really reassuring to hear it can be done! The membrane you mention, is that the breathable membrane or the VCL (what I mean is do you usually do the VCL from underneath or above the floor? Same Q for the airtightness layer if you have that separate to the VCL)

    Thanks again everyone!
    • CommentAuthorGreenPaddy
    • CommentTimeApr 12th 2024 edited
     
    Hi, the membrane for supporting the insulation is the breathable type, that would be applied to the exterior of timber frame walls for example. Get the cheapest, as it will never see any direct rain, something like...

    https://insulation4less.co.uk/products/ultra-roof-and-wall-breather-membrane-1-5m-x-50m-75m2-roll

    The 1.5m width would be right for each bay, since you'll need say 600mm between joists, plus 300mm drop each side (for the 2 layers of insulation depth), plus a bit for stapling/manipulating).

    If you've 3 to 5 feet void depth, will make life a lot easier for working. Watch out for the wall vents, so they don't get covered by the suspended insulation. Use telescopic ones, to direct the air under the insulation, if that happens..

    https://www.ukbuildsupplies.com/telescopic-under-floor-vent-1201

    I sometimes fit these, then foam in place offcuts of rigid insulation around the top and sides, if these are close to the floor above.
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