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Green Building Bible, Fourth Edition
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  1.  
    We have a Proven 6KW wind turbine installed towards the end of 2006. It worked well for 6 weeks when the turbine head fell apart in a big way.

    Four months later we had a new turbine and new blades and for just over a year things were fine. We generated about 8000KWH during that time, which, while less than the sales pitch, was perfectly acceptable. We had an independent installer round for servicing and he advised that he would be surprised if we got less than 10000KWH per year, so our site location is clearly not bad.

    Then in July 2008 we had a major electrical failure. This turned out to be a known overvoltage issue. Four months later all the electrics were replaced along with 3KW heat dumps to prevent overvoltage in the future. We had two 2.8KW inverters on loan as a 6KW unit was not available. Over the next 12 months we generated only 4000KWH. This was obviously a disappointment and I was advised by Proven that the two smaller units would be less efficient and hence my lower generation.

    Eventually, we managed to get a replacement 6KW inverter and after many replacement chips and reprogrammings of said chips, we appeared to have a working system again with all the overvoltage protection built in! I couldn't be happier. Seven months on and we appear to be heading towards an annual generation of between 2500 and 3000KWH!!

    So each time Proven 'fix' my system my output is approximately halving. Is it possible that the wind speed in the UK has been dropping off for the last four years or is there likely to be a software solution? I understand that my new 6KW inverter has the latest 7 phase curve in its software which should be more efficient but even on very windy days it is often generationg just a few hundred watts and also sometimes disconnects and appears to be unable to reconnect due to the very high voltages.

    The annoying thing is that our all-electric house uses about 10000KWH per year and we should be generating pretty much all our own requirements.

    --
    geoff
    --
    •  
      CommentAuthorDamonHD
    • CommentTimeJan 12th 2011 edited
     
    Wind generators in the UK basically all suffered with recent drops in output, which might explain some of your trauma.

    It is possible that you were generating a lot of your output in dangerously high wind speeds for the turbine, which you've now trimmed away mechanically and electronically.

    Rgds

    Damon
  2.  
    Proven's sales pitch (or marketing budget) is your problem.
    I have asked Proven, and my installer to put me in touch with ANYONE who has generated the amount of electricity that they were told they would.
    We were told 43,000kWh per annum for a 15kW and in reality it would have been more like maximum 17,000 (if they hadn't been shut down due to all the faults).

    Please send me an email (click on my name for contact details) and I will add you to the list of unhappy customers.

    I completely understand your frustration.
    • CommentAuthorjules
    • CommentTimeJan 13th 2011
     
    The last two winters have been significantly less stormy than a typical British winter, and even the autumn just gone was relatively quiet. I do not have data on average wind speeds, but I would certainly recommend that you investigate that aspect to see how much of a contribution it has played.
  3.  
    Jules is correct. The last 2 years have been very poor. About 70% of the usual wind speed. It is not known if this is a temporary drop or a more long term serious problem. Wind strength does work in cycles though so I would not panic just yet. I know this does not explain your very low production though. From information read on this forum I would have a chat with Proven,
    Gusty.
  4.  
    Dominic,

    I am not that concerned with Proven's sales pitch - I never expected to get the output they claimed.

    My concern is with my own diminishing returns, from 8000KWH pa to 4000KWH pa to 2500KEH pa year on year! If it is the case that the last couple of years have been very poor for wind then I happy to wait and hope 2007 was a normal year and I can get back to 8000KWH again, at which point I will be more than happy.

    However, if it is the case that Proven 'fixes' have reduced my output then I would be more concerned. The latest fix included reprogramming the chip in the inverter several times and it appeared that no-one seemed to know how this inverter should be programmed and the difference in behaviour caused by this reprogramming was worrying significant - how do I know whether the current programming is correct? And if I don't know and Proven do not appear to be that knowledgable and SMA do not seem particularly cooperative then it feels like the blind leading the blind!

    Thanks,

    Geoff
    •  
      CommentAuthorDamonHD
    • CommentTimeJan 13th 2011
     
    Programming a wind inverter, presumably its MPPT power curve, is a bit of a black art; certainly it seem to be much tricker than solar PV MPPT.

    So that might indeed have a bearing.

    Rgds

    Damon
    • CommentAuthorevan
    • CommentTimeJan 13th 2011
     
    It is true that if the inverter's curve is too "steep", i.e. tries to extract too much current at lower voltage, then it can basically RPM-limit the turbine and force the blades to stall above a certain wind speed.
    I would press Proven to lend you a programming interface and manual and have an experiment.
    •  
      CommentAuthorted
    • CommentTimeJan 13th 2011
     
    Unfortunately that is not allowed as it breaks the G83 terms.

    Geoff, what model SMA inverter do you have now?
    • CommentAuthorCWatters
    • CommentTimeJan 13th 2011
     
    Posted By: Dominic CooneyWe were told 43,000kWh per annum for a 15kW


    43,000 /(24*365) = 4.9KW
    4.9*100/15 = 32.7% utilisation factor

    Seems very high. I gather the 400 foot high wind turbines down the road from me manage 19-25% and similar big turbines in windy parts of Wales manage around 30-33%
  5.  
    CW - What are you basing this calculation on please?
    i.e. should this be blatantly obvious to a wind turbine manufacturer/installer? (in other words, they should not even have told us this in the first instance)

    thanks
    Dominic.
    • CommentAuthorCWatters
    • CommentTimeJan 14th 2011 edited
     
    I think I should have said "capacity factor" rather than "utilisation factor" but numbers are what matter.

    In order to generate 43,000 KWH per year you have to average 4.9 KW Hours per Hour (eg 4.9 KW). Just basic maths eg KWH per year divided by number of hours in the year.

    Then work out the percentage of max output that works out at... if it's max output is 15KW then 4.8KW is works out at 32.7%. To me that seems optimistic because as I understand it much bigger turbines only average around 30-33% and some a lot less. For example these 71m diameter turbines generated 25% of rated capacity in 2008.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_Wold_Wind_Farm

    I can't say for certain if the 43,000 figure is optimistic because I don't know if a Proven 15 is specified to generate 15KW at max output. Is the 15 just the model number or the rated output?

    PS It is possible to have high capacity factors if you have a relatively big rotor for the rated capacity. Is the proven a big rotor in relation to other turbines rated at 15kW?
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeJan 14th 2011 edited
     
    Some turbines get switched off as part of grid balancing, though this should be getting less and less. That can account for some of lower capacity factor. Also new installations may well have a week or so turned off for an installation check.
    If windspeeds were only 70% of normal then that is a much bigger drop in power as it is a cube law.
  6.  
    Would that explain only 28% of predicted generation in our case? (sorry can't do the maths)
    • CommentAuthorCWatters
    • CommentTimeJan 15th 2011
     
    No ST is talking about wind farms.
    • CommentAuthorevan
    • CommentTimeJan 15th 2011
     
    It's worth checking in case your inverter is spending a lot of the time tripped out due to mains overvoltage though. Seen it happen with PV.
    • CommentAuthorgcar90
    • CommentTimeJan 15th 2011
     
    Britains wind farms now producing 2229MW at present 12.10pm, thats 5.3% out of a shade under 42GW total.

    SteamyTea, Do the large scale wind turbines of the 2-3MW variety have a far more linear power curve than much smaller ones, so the cube law is not as prevalent??
    •  
      CommentAuthorDamonHD
    • CommentTimeJan 15th 2011
     
    gcar90: only abut 50% of the wind in the GB grid is metered by NG/Elexon to appear in these figures:

    http://www.earth.org.uk/_gridCarbonIntensityGB.html

    The rest is 'embedded' ie within the medium-voltage grid or otherwise within the DNOs' networks.

    (When I last checked with the BWEA over a year ago about 60% was 'embedded' and 40% metered in the Elexon figures.)

    Rgds

    Damon

    PS. The cube law is fundamentally the energy *available* in the wind.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeJan 15th 2011
     
    Posted By: DamonHDPS. The cube law is fundamentally the energy *available* in the wind.

    What the man says. There is also cut in and cut out windspeed, local wind shadowing and turbulence. Last 3 winters we have down here had more North biased winds as opposed to the very usual South Westerlies, any turbine installed down here that is shaded from a North, North West or North East wind will be down on performance purely because of the wind direction.

    Generally large commercial turbines are of a much better design. The manufacturers cannot afford to claim greater output figures (for the turbine, not the wind regime) because the operators would be suing them. Different kettle of fish at the domestic level as generally an individual cannot afford to fight a case in the civil courts (though may be interesting to see if the small claims court have a view on lost income from a faulty product).
  7.  
    We will see.
    • CommentAuthorBethan
    • CommentTimeOct 23rd 2011
     
    Is there any evidence that the new composite blades improve the performance of 6kw Proven turbines?
    How much do they cost?
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeOct 23rd 2011
     
    Think it is an irrelevance now that Proven have gone bust. Though it does sound more like an inverter program problem, is it a Windyboy one you have?
    • CommentAuthorborpin
    • CommentTimeOct 23rd 2011
     
    Couple of thoughts. One is that you could put up your own weather station and an anemometer to constantly measure the wind speed. That would tell you what your output should be. Ages ago I am sure I found a website of amateur meteorologists who uploaded their data. If there is one near you you could look at their data.

    I looked at wind turbines a while back but my concern was that the guarantee period was significantly less than the payback period introducing significant risk to the proposition.
    • CommentAuthorBethan
    • CommentTimeOct 31st 2011
     
    Composite blades have been offered to us as a means of compensation for low output. We are not convinced and would prefer a cash sum, so we can have a maintenance fund. We don't have any trust in the installers any more.
    In short, we've been 'had.'

    SteamyTea, we have two Windy Boy 3000 inverters.
    Borphin, I would like to look at that website.

    Still fans of renewable energy, but wouldn't recommend a domestic wind turbine. Ours makes more kwh than our solar panels, but less money because it pays old tariff rates.
    •  
      CommentAuthorSteamyTea
    • CommentTimeOct 31st 2011
     
    Check that the WindyBoys are not set up as SunnyBoys, have seen that before, and one set correctly and the other not.
    • CommentAuthorpkmwgs
    • CommentTimeNov 1st 2011
     
    Hi Bethan composite blades will make a significant difference. but do check that the inverters have the right parameters. if they are on the the preset german settings you will not extract much power from your turbine. also if you had damage to the turbine head at the beginning, i would also check that you have shaft bearings running free. they can get damaged due to excess vibration.
    • CommentAuthorBethan
    • CommentTimeNov 3rd 2011
     
    Thanks for these comments. We will have the whole thing serviced when we find a contractor in Yorkshire that does not charge the Earth. It would be a pity to scrap it, but the economics just don't add up, sadly.
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