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    • CommentAuthorzebra
    • CommentTimeFeb 22nd 2012
     
    Hi, I've got a very old house where internal floor levels at the back are 300mm below external ground level. I've dug a French drain to compensate for the difference in levels. Having read threads on here about the use of insulation inside a French drain, I understand that XPS is the stuff to use.
    My question is, what do you then finish it with?
    I understand that XPS is breathable, up to a point, so a cement render would cut down on breathability.
    Would a lime render be suitable that close to the ground?
    Or is there anything that you can paint it with?
    Also, if this is not a very stupid question, how do you tell the difference between EPS and XPS? Which type would be the best type in this instance? Thanks!
    • CommentAuthorpmagowan
    • CommentTimeFeb 22nd 2012
     
    I think the previous thread described why XPS was not necessary. Essentially EPS will let water in but also let it out. XPS may find it harder to let out but since water almost always finds a way in it may be problematic. Lots of people seem to use it for this application so perhaps this is all theoretics. I would hope that with a french drain we are not talking standing water but just a bit of moisture. In previous discussion people have said not to cover it at all with render. Some have tried a paving slab to ?prevent rats etc.
    My intention presently is to run 200mm EPS70 directly down the walls and as deep into the founds as is safe. I will then put down landscape fabric and fill the hole with Leca. The fabric will fold over the top and be back filled with soil in which to plant some pretty flowers etc. I will probably leave a 6 inch wide Leca 'path' around the perimeter.
    • CommentAuthorzebra
    • CommentTimeFeb 22nd 2012
     
    Let me change that, having read a debate on here on the subject, to I understand that XPS or EPS may be the stuff to use! In either case, what would you finish it with? Breathability would be good, as the wall has no dpc and all internal finishes will be breathable.
    Thanks!
    • CommentAuthorpmagowan
    • CommentTimeFeb 22nd 2012
     
    I intend to take the render to ground level or very slightly below. I do not intend to put anything else on the below ground EPS.
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeFeb 22nd 2012
     
    Posted By: zebraI understand that XPS is breathable
    XPS isn't breatheable, nor are any of the other plastics. Only EPS is breatheable.
    Posted By: zebrahow do you tell the difference between EPS and XPS?
    XPS is pink, green, blue etc, looks like aero bar.
    EPS is white, crumbly, or 'Platinum' grade with carbon black is silver/grey, has better insulation than standard white EPS, almost as good as XPS but cheaper.

    I have been installing EPS in french drain exposed without any finish. It's not very absorbent, insulation value doesn't suffer too much, it shouldn't deteriorate, but the important thing is that the water can get out again unobstructed when conditions dry up. Any kind of coating won't 100% prevent water getting in, but will thoroughly obstruct its draining/drying out.

    Encapsulating the french drain aggregate in geotex material is good, to prevent fine soil particles eventually clogging up what should be free airspace between the stones. Leca instead of stone aggregate is great - pretty cheap, light to carry in, provides additional 'wing' insulation.
    • CommentAuthorzebra
    • CommentTimeFeb 22nd 2012
     
    Thanks FosterTom, yes I did read with enthusiasm another thread where you argued in favour of EPS. Got it now, thanks for explaining the difference between EPS and XPS!
    If you've installed it exposed without any finish, I take it you're using the silver grey stuff, not the white!? If it is breathable, then it seems counter-productive to cover it with a cement render as pmgowan suggests, at least in my case, where the wall has no dpc and needs to breathe.
    Would you apply a backing coat of some sort on brickwork first to prevent there being little air gaps behind it? Or would it not matter that much? I'd prefer not to, as it's hard to do underground! And because although I want to insulate the wall, really I'm more concerned with the welfare of my very old brickwork than with gaining the last little bit of U-value!
    Thanks for the leca suggestion. I read another thread where you talked about using leca as the aggregate. I'm a little concerned because the leca stones are quite small, and what I've found with the gravel that's in there now is that it doesn't drain properly, is still moist inside the french drain, and I'm still getting damp patches indoors. I was wondering whether those soakaway crates, wrapped in a geotextile, would allow a bit more air in the french drain?.... Or would it make little difference as the EPS will stop the moisture from getting to the wall?
    Many thanks for your input!
    • CommentAuthorpmagowan
    • CommentTimeFeb 22nd 2012
     
    I don't see how the EPS can stop the moisture getting to the wall. That is the purpose of the drain. If there is water in the drain then it is obviously not working properly probably because it has nowhere to drain to. I will be putting on a parge coat of adhesive under the eps as far down as I can go. I expect any moisture in the (now warm) wall will be able to breath out one way or the other. I will only render to an inch or so into the drain for aesthetics and to prevent mice eating through. My wall has no DPC either. The only difference between grey and white is the u value (better with grey). I will put whole, unopened bags of leca in the drain and then pack around them with loose leca. It will act as wing insulation and a drain. Remember a drain with nowhere to go is just a long pool.
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeFeb 22nd 2012
     
    Posted By: zebraI take it you're using the silver grey stuff, not the white
    No, the white, but might use grey next time - no durability issue with either.
    Posted By: zebraWould you apply a backing coat of some sort on brickwork first to prevent there being little air gaps behind it?
    Isolated air pockets parallel with the wall (transverse to direction of heat flow) are not a problem, provided they're limited in size e.g. the size of one EPS board divided airtight from the next, to prevent extensive convection transferring heat across the face of the wall, from warmer to cooler bits. What is essential is no air voids running parallel with the direction of heat flow i.e. between the board edges; conversely to make sure no fixing adhesive in those same joints. Either air or adhersive will provide a convective or conductive shortcut for the heat flow.
    Posted By: zebraI'm a little concerned because the leca stones are quite small
    You can buy them in 3 size grades.
    • CommentAuthorPugliese
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012
     
    Forgive my ignorance here but wouldn't it be a better solution to create a void between the external land and your wall. We did this where we had over a metre of soil against a back wall made of stone with no DPC. We dug out a trench, built a retaining wall then capped it with a stone path, leaving vents in the path to allow the chamber and the wall to breath. Not had any damp issues since.
      Finished Trench.jpg
    • CommentAuthorzebra
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012
     
    The drain arrangement that I have now, which I built in the summer, has somewhere to drain to, but is not working because I'm still getting damp patches indoors. It is a perforated drain pipe 150mm below internal floor level, backfilled with gravel wrapped in geotextile, up to 400mm above internal floor level. I think the reason it's failing is that the gravel is too dense, there's no air down there, and the water can still travel sideways through the drain, which is only 250mm wide. I can't go wider, and unfortunately, can't create an open gully like yours Pugliese, although it seems a very good solution if it were possible, because it's not on my land. The back wall of the house is the boundary of the plot and I'm doing all this in the churchyard!
    I was concerned that leca would have the same issues as the gravel - too dense, doesn't drain readily, still damp in the drain, damp finds its way into the wall??
    To what extent would the EPS create a barrier against the ingress of dampness from the drain to the wall? I had an architect recommend a system where a bitumen layer would be applied to the brickwork first, but I'm loathe to paint my 400 year old bricks with bitumen! I could apply a polythene layer first, but it's the trade-off between waterproofness and breathability!
    (The walls will be able to breathe inwardly - at the moment it's bare brick but will be a lime plaster finish, one day!)
    • CommentAuthorzebra
    • CommentTimeFeb 23rd 2012 edited
     
    Posted By: fostertom No, the white, but might use grey next time - no durability issue with either.

    So what are you going to finish it with, as the white stuff can't look good externally!

    Also where can you buy Platinum EPS? Can't find it in any of the local builders merchants or online! Thanks...
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeFeb 24th 2012
     
    Posted By: zebraSo what are you going to finish it with, as the white stuff can't look good externally!
    We were talking about finish below ground level - I said none - but of course render or other finish where visible above ground.
    • CommentAuthorzebra
    • CommentTimeFeb 28th 2012
     
    Sorry to keep asking, but if EPS is breathable, then would you need to use a lime render as it's breathable, or would you use cement nonetheless?
    I'm talking about between ground level and 300mm above, where my insulation will change to wood fibre so will have a lime render. Thanks!
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeFeb 29th 2012 edited
     
    EPS EWI is customarily finished with patent (acrylic usually) render, part of the EWI system, which is (or can be) breatheable.
    • CommentAuthorcountryman
    • CommentTimeJun 17th 2012
     
    You are wasting your time adding a geotex membrane if you are thinking that your French drain is going to be hunky dory and keep working for a long time. Geotex membrane is only good for one thing and that is stopping roots blocking the drain/pipe/whatever.

    They do stop the fine soil blocking up the rain. They do it very well. So well, in fact, that the fine soil blocks up the geotex membrane in a matter of months and so you are back to square one as the water cannot now get at your French drain.
    • CommentAuthorJonti
    • CommentTimeJun 17th 2012
     
    Correct countryman about the geotex but if you are clever then you leave access points so you can flush the pipe on a regular basis.
    • CommentAuthorCWatters
    • CommentTimeJun 17th 2012
     
    I'd tank the wall properly. Chuck some insulation in afterwards if you want but tank the wall properly first. Will the EPS/XPS float unless secured?
    • CommentAuthorCWatters
    • CommentTimeJun 17th 2012
     
    Posted By: zebraThe drain arrangement that I have now, which I built in the summer, has somewhere to drain to, but is not working because I'm still getting damp patches indoors.


    In heavy rain the gravel might become saturated before it drains away.
    • CommentAuthorzebra
    • CommentTimeJun 17th 2012
     
    In fact what I've ended up doing is digging a gully alongside the wall and building a retaining wall to keep the soil away. Even though it's in the churchyard and not on my land.
    I've still got damp problems though as the very soft porous red bricks are absorbing the moisture from the ground as there's no DPC. The wall has not dried despite removing all the soil, gravel and everything which was up against it.
    So now I am going to insert a DPC, despite the outside of the wall being in the bottom of a gully! This will be tricky, and I shall start a new thread for advice, but the french drain, with or without insulation, is no longer a go....
    • CommentAuthormalakoffee
    • CommentTimeJul 3rd 2012 edited
     
    paraphrase <<French drains don't work.>> !!???
    Now you have me worried as I'm committed to this one ( in photo ) using 20mm shingle, terram 1B1 ( 2-layers with a net matrix in the middle ) and 80mm perforated pipe . . . . designed to reduce the water table around the walls and keep the clay off the brickwork below the dpc.
      120628LandDrain.jpg
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeJul 3rd 2012 edited
     
    Posted By: zebrathe very soft porous red bricks are absorbing the moisture from the ground as there's no DPC. The wall has not dried despite removing all the soil, gravel and everything which was up against it.
    Has that removal gone down below your floor level? Even if so, you may have a reservoir of water in the subsoil inboard of the wall, which will eventually drain down to the lowered water table level that you're creating. Unless that inboard water is being renewed via untreated other parts of the perimeter?

    No matter how absorbent a material is, it has a height beyond which capillary action can't wick up water. Your water source (at or below base of open trench, or invert of french drain) has to be pushed down by at least that height, below floor level or wherever you're measuring damp in the wall. For brick, that height needn't be more than 150mm AFAIK.
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeJul 3rd 2012 edited
     
    Posted By: countrymanGeotex membrane is only good for one thing and that is stopping roots blocking the drain/pipe/whatever.

    They do stop the fine soil blocking up the rain. They do it very well. So well, in fact, that the fine soil blocks up the geotex membrane

    Posted By: JontiCorrect countryman about the geotex but if you are clever then you leave access points so you can flush the pipe on a regular basis.
    This is a shock! So forget the geotex (gladly) but commit client to flushing out? But on its way to being flushed out, won't fines eventually clog up the sharp stone in the trench? Is there no solution, other than excavating and renewing the sharp stone every decade?
    • CommentAuthorJonti
    • CommentTimeJul 3rd 2012
     
    Fostertom,

    most french drains will silt up over time and so have a reduced drainagerate however the biggest cause of failure is the pipe blocking so flushing or being able to is a good idea. As for the silting up of the sharp stones, I would suggest that cleaning and reusing would be the way.

    Jonti:wink:
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeJul 3rd 2012 edited
     
    It's the digging out that's daunting! Still, we now have permission to simply leave out the geotex?!
    • CommentAuthoran02ew
    • CommentTimeJul 3rd 2012
     
    Posted By: fostertomStill, we now have permission to simply leave out the geotex?!

    why leave out the geotex? surley it must prevent silting up of the pipe? The way i look at land drain is, you are just creating a perminate void deep in the ground, as all water will find the easiest route downwards, your land drain is that easy route, just the fact that water is moving through it should keep it clear? as far as geotext is concerned i like to use the black one (brand name unknown) i find the water drains quicker through than the white/grey (i think teram?) which i use under type1 stone as a ground improver.
    •  
      CommentAuthorfostertom
    • CommentTimeJul 3rd 2012 edited
     
    Because
    Posted By: countrymanYou are wasting your time adding a geotex membrane if you are thinking that your French drain is going to be hunky dory and keep working for a long time. Geotex membrane is only good for one thing and that is stopping roots blocking the drain/pipe/whatever.

    They do stop the fine soil blocking up the rain. They do it very well. So well, in fact, that the fine soil blocks up the geotex membrane in a matter of months and so you are back to square one as the water cannot now get at your French drain.
    So, get the digger greased!
    • CommentAuthorJonti
    • CommentTimeJul 3rd 2012
     
    Firstly, Geotex should last atleast 5 years before blocking not a matter of months.
    Secondly, if it is being used to stop roots blocking the drain then it goes under the pipe not over it. If you place it above the pipe and so leave the pipe unprotected you will find that it will get blocked by the roots quicker than it will silt up.
    Thirdly, drainage water will not flush the pipe as it will not flow at a high enough rate to do this.

    I would suggest digging your ditch. sand in the base to get the fall levelled in easily. Lay the geotex, Pipe, split to a depth of about 10cm above the top of the pipe and then large stones 10cm diameter from there upwards. Less silting issues and easily removed by hand if needed so avoiding damaging the house when digging out the ditch with the digger.

    Jonti
    • CommentAuthoran02ew
    • CommentTimeJul 4th 2012
     
    If land Drain is so bad then how come old septic tanks with little more than an out fall into maybe 1/2m2 of broken brick, they seem to plug on for years. This I suspect is due to the water waste finding its own route through tiny holes in the soil structure. We have a route for water of 80mm diameter with the land drain. I don't think we will have a problem:neutral:
    • CommentAuthorJonti
    • CommentTimeJul 7th 2012
     
    an02ew,

    it depends on the perculation rates of the ground. Where my septic tank is a 1/2m2 of broken brick would not work. But just 100m away no problem.

    Jonti
    • CommentAuthorkebabman
    • CommentTimeSep 18th 2012
     
    What methods have you guys used to fix the EPS to the wall, (mine would be rubble stone)
    and if I want to lime render the EPS do I need to have fixed some mesh in place, if so what type please?

    Thanks
   
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