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Green Building Bible, Fourth Edition
Green Building Bible, fourth edition (both books)
These two books are the perfect starting place to help you get to grips with one of the most vitally important aspects of our society - our homes and living environment.

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  1.  
    Am I right in thinking the best place for a radiator in a room, is its coldest spot,
    not under the windows as was the tradition

    thanks Jim
    • CommentAuthorworkaholic
    • CommentTimeNov 29th 2007
     
    Best place to site a radiator in a room is under the floor.
  2.  
    Posted By: workaholicBest place to site a radiator in a room is under the floor.


    :clap:

    Very clever response.

    The reason radiators (or heating registers for forced air heating) were placed under windows was to reduce drafts due to the heat loss from the window itself (as windows used to be single glazed). As windows become more thermally efficient, there's less reason to do this these days, though old habits die hard. Another reason is that furniture tends not to be placed under windows so placing radiators/heating registers there conserves wall space as that space wouldn't otherwise be used.

    Paul in Montreal.
    • CommentAuthorTuna
    • CommentTimeNov 29th 2007
     
    I would have thought that usually the window would be the coldest spot anyway?

    As Paul says, the traditional positioning is to avoid drafts - the cold air off the window (sinking) is balanced by the warm air from the radiator (rising). The absolute worst is to have the radiator on the opposite wall to the window, as that can create quite a strong circulation (down the window, across the floor around your ankles, up the radiator and across the ceiling).

    If you can't do under the floor, another alternative could be skirting board heating (for an example, look here http://www.discreteheat.co.uk/) , which should give an even and unobtrusive heat throughout the room.
    • CommentAuthorMike George
    • CommentTimeNov 29th 2007 edited
     
    I would consider positioning a a radiator on an internal wall [though not a party wall between properties] Why? because placing radiators on external walls increases the localised temperature diffential to the outside thereby increasing heat losses. Alternatively, placing radiators on internal walls allows the heat energy to be absorbed into the mass of the wall itself [for those of us who advocate the concept of themal mass]
    • CommentAuthorworkaholic
    • CommentTimeNov 30th 2007
     
    Obviously the guys from Discreteheat haven't been around very long. I was fitting Finrad skirting heating 30 years ago. The biggest problems I found were:
    Making sure you had enough heat output. It was not always possible to get enough skirting length.
    You have to like the style. It ruins the appearance of some older houses.
    Lots of fiddles to fit. You take the old skirting off and there is a lot of making good. The floorboards often do not reach the wall and you have to start fitting fillets to stop the air leaks.
    Detail problems when you get to doorways and pillars.
    Personally I would rather take the floor up and fit UFH.
    • CommentAuthorTuna
    • CommentTimeNov 30th 2007
     
    The place I've seen skirting like that used was in a self build that went for UFH downstairs, then timber I beam floors and heating skirting upstairs which made a lot of sense to me when I saw it.

    Of course a lot depends if you're rennovating, restoring or building from scratch.
  3.  
    Underfloor heatings great, fitted it quite a few times in screeds, I've yet to fit it upstairs, cost reasons mainly
    most my work is renovations and extensions
    It makes sense to me to try and hang the rads on an internal walls as Mike suggests
    but this creates cold spots in the room, especially if there is 2 external walls

    still not sure of the best place? other than not opposite a window
    skirting rads look got but there not cheap and as said to everybodies taste

    workaholic, how does underfloor heating work with your ideas on thermally responsive buildings , with its lower flow/return temperature
    it needs some time to get going, back to the thermal mass debate, do you suggest a higher F/R temp.?
    • CommentAuthortony
    • CommentTimeDec 1st 2007
     
    Under a window = greatest heat loss, next is skirting radiators on outside walls, next worst is on an outside wall, best on internal walls.

    Under the floor is OK with solid ground bearing slabs but not with any form of suspended floor.

    Presumably best=least energy used?
  4.  
    Yep, Best as in least energy used

    thanks Tony

    Jim
    • CommentAuthorTuna
    • CommentTimeDec 1st 2007
     
    Just beware that best (as in least energy used) might not equate to a comfortable room and that can actually lead to energy waste. Cold spots and drafts will encourage the occupiers to turn the heating up more than it might otherwise be set. It's much easier to have the heating a little low if the temperature is even and draft free.
  5.  
    I have moved most of my radiators to internal walls and crucially fitted a new very efficient condensing boiler. Gas bills have literally halved from what they were. No problems with cold spots that I can percieve though I guess all houses are different
    • CommentAuthorTuna
    • CommentTimeDec 1st 2007
     
    We've just had our boiler replaced with a nice modern condensing one - much the same effect, gas usage halved. It's sad that high gas bills by themselves aren't usually reason enough to get a more efficient boiler fitted.
    • CommentAuthorMike George
    • CommentTimeDec 1st 2007 edited
     
    Yes, I agree, but think that that is a misconception. I've done quite a lot of thermal modelling which indicates that ugrading a gas boiler is the single best thing you can do in an old uninsulated building [walls that is]. My old boiler would have probably lasted another couple of years but was starting to need fair bit of maintenance. I assume the efficiency was also where near what it should be. It also had a pilot light [as most old boilers do] and this is often not considered when looking at cost of replacement v payback.
  6.  
    James, I take my low thermal mass / fast response goal even to include the UFH. All my UFH is without screed. On the ground floor I lay OSB over 100mm of Kingspan. I fit 50x25 battens to this at 400mm centres and Foil Tec the lot. Two rows of pipe are nailed to this between the battens and floorboards to suit are fitted over. The Foil Tec spreads the heat all over and it is remarkably quick to warm up / cool down. I run with the flow at 40 degrees. I once tried 50 degrees and nearly cooked everyone. I never use spreader plates they are much much too expensive. I use the same basic idea upstairs except that the OSB is fitted between the joists, set down 25mm and no battens used.
  7.  
    Workaholic
    This sounds simple and economic , I think I'm starting to sway in your direction
    Do you have many examples of your approach , and rough ideas on energy usage once lived in

    cheers Jim
    • CommentAuthorscandibrit
    • CommentTimeJan 19th 2008
     
    Hi James,
    If you're still wondering.........I've lived in Sweden for 20 years and, although building and heating standards are way ahead of most other countries, there are still many poorly insulated old buildings - mainly older holiday homes in rural areas. At the same time very many new properties are superinsulated with tripleglazing, even quadrupleglazing where noise is also an issue. Generally though all types of buildings here are warm and much more comfortable than in e.g. the UK. The main reason is that radiators are ALWAYS PLACED UNDER WINDOWS and/or as close to outside doors as possible thereby minimizing penetration of cold and damp air from outside. The Swedes of course have conducted innumerable scientific studies to prove that this is energy efficient. Some can be found on the internet in English. E.g.http://energysavingnow.com/comfort/
    If you can contain the cold plunges as much as possible then little heat is required to keep internal spaces warm and comfortable (with reduced and constant humidity). A solid wall would pratically have to have holes in it to be as cold as windows, even doubleglazed. Please don't waste energy pumping heat into internal walls and furnishings while you still shiver from all the damp drafts from windows and doors!
    Best wishes!
    • CommentAuthortony
    • CommentTimeJan 19th 2008
     
    Heat can only be absorbed by internal walls once so you cant wast any there.

    It may well be the most efficient place to put a radiator in terms of heating the house and feeling comfortable

    It is also the place to put it to maximise heat losses and so it cannot be the most economic place to put it.
    • CommentAuthorscandibrit
    • CommentTimeJan 19th 2008
     
    It's not that simple Tony. To begin with, furnishings and internal walls can get hotter and hotter without much effect. You can sit with your back against the warmed-up wall or furniture if you like - meanwhile cold air fills the room from the coldest surfaces, nearly always the windows.
    If the radiator is opposite the window then far more cold air penetrates the room (sinks and crosses the floor) and the radiator has much more work to do to get the average temperature in the room up to a comfortable level (warm air rises up the internal wall and spreads out, warming the ceiling nicely to very little noticeable effect). It's also the best way to maximize drafts. As any heating engineer in Sweden will tell you. I lived in northern Sweden for a couple of years and winter temperatures were many times -30 celsius and lower. That's why Swedes were already analyzing heat-loss and retention in the 1930s when Sweden was a relativley poor country.
    I appreciate that this must be upsetting and annoying for folks who've invested heavily in new heating with radiators opposite windows. Naturally they'll want to defend their decision and investment. I just want to urge people who are unsure to avail themselves of facts rather than well-intentioned opinions before they invest. For the sake of the environment.
    • CommentAuthorTomW
    • CommentTimeJan 20th 2008
     
    I hope we can get to a consensus on this. I'm on the verge of moving a radiator to an interior wall from under the window. Now I don't know what the hell to do.
    • CommentAuthortony
    • CommentTimeJan 20th 2008
     
    If you are rich leave it there , if you want to reduce you heating costs then move it to an internal wall.

    Ever seen a thermographic image of an outside wall with a radiator on it? Redder than the rest of the house = warmer = greater heat loss.
    • CommentAuthorscandibrit
    • CommentTimeJan 20th 2008
     
    I sympathise Tony. The internet is fantastic but the problem is that everyone who has an opinion and cares about the environment offers their view. I just wanted to join the debate because projects such as the Yellow House in Oxford seem so serious but sadly perpetuate misunderstandings. People seem convinced but do they know what their homes would be like if they followed Scandinavian guidelines?
    I've been following this debate in the UK (there is no debate in the colder countries of Europe!) since 1986 when I renovated a Victorian terraced house in Cambridge and consulted qualified heating engineers. In a couple of rooms I defied their advice along the thinking you refer to and was bitterly disappointed. Not only did cold air invade the rooms through 1970s replacement windows which condensed up (I dried them regularly to prevent mould and mildew forming), furniture inevitably ended up blocking the large radiators on internal walls making me turn up the heating even higher. I even had to hang on to a gasfire I had counted on pulling out and was only effortlessly snug in the rooms with rads under windows (which had much less condensation).
    In Sweden I've lived in houses and flats from 1800, 1905, 1945, 1978 and 1990s with different building materials and very different insulation values - always, ALWAYS rads are under windows!
    You can put it this way. If you have 2 rads in 2 identical rooms at the same temp for the same time, that alone will not determine the temperature of the room. Wall and window insulation and where you put them will. You can either put them where they stop cold penetration (and condensation!) or where they encourage it!
    Hope you find this helpful Tony!
    • CommentAuthorscandibrit
    • CommentTimeJan 20th 2008
     
    ps I've always had low fuel bills! I've just installed a Sanyo wall-mounted heat-exchanger with very promising results, a further fuel reduction of c 27% so far and constant low humidity (this is by the chilly Baltic sea which often freezes in winter). Wherever possible these should also be placed by doorways according to all the manufacturers. In the same way as fanheaters inside doorways keep department stores efficiently heated.
    Good luck Tom!
    • CommentAuthortony
    • CommentTimeJan 20th 2008
     
    <In the same way as fanheaters inside doorways keep department stores efficiently heated.>

    If you call that efficiency then I have no hope for you! Shut the door or have an air-locked porch.
    • CommentAuthorscandibrit
    • CommentTimeJan 20th 2008
     
    I was talking about a public building with large windows and doors opening constantly. Efficiency is always a relative concept. Of course such buildings should be much better insulated than they tend to be, airlocks (same principle as rads under windows!) being a good start.
    Thermographic imaging shows the temperature of surfaces (not the total fuel consumption of a building) and therefore shows where you most need better insulated walls and windows. I'm afraid they really don't prove that a rad could be better placed! This isn´t merely simple arithmetic.
    • CommentAuthortony
    • CommentTimeJan 21st 2008
     
    The wall that the rad is sited on heats up much hotter than the rest of the walls in the room hence shows redder or white even on an infra red camera.

    It follows that if the wall is hotter then the heat losses are greater and therefore the building must be less efficient in energy terms than it could be.
    • CommentAuthorTuna
    • CommentTimeJan 21st 2008
     
    Tony, I'm not sure your common sense approach necessarily gives the right results. Both I and scandibrit have given mechanisms that would account for better savings with radiators placed underneath windows. Energy efficiency is not only a result of how quickly heat is lost to the outside, it's also highly dependent on the usage patterns that a given system encourages and supports. The cold European countries seem to be happy with placement of rads by windows, and I'm sure they're as concerned as anyone with lowering heating costs, so perhaps they have something to tell us?

    As for the localised heat spot on external walls, surely a relatively thin layer of foil backed insulation behind each radiator would make an enormous difference and negate any losses? If you're placing a new rad, it seems a logical time to ensure that the site is properly prepared.

    As an aside, I've seen thermographic images of houses suggesting that the area beneath windows is commonly a hot spot as insulation is often applied with less care in smaller 'fiddly' bits of wall and will tend to slump beneath the window ledge where the normal wall is broken by the window penetration.
    • CommentAuthortony
    • CommentTimeJan 21st 2008
     
    Commonly radiators are placed under windows too coincidentally just where the hot spots often are -- I rest my case!
    • CommentAuthorTuna
    • CommentTimeJan 21st 2008
     
    That's not a case for not putting radiators under windows, it's a case for learning to insulate properly.
    • CommentAuthortony
    • CommentTimeJan 21st 2008
     
    No insulation will not stop heat loss it will only reduce it. If you put a radiator on a wall the wall will heat up warmer than the rest of the walls in the room and if it is on an outside wall then it will heat up the outside warmer too -- redder to the IR camera. And greater heat loss even with perfect insulation.
   
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